Stage II Prostate Cancer

Stage II prostate cancer can be detected through a digital rectal exam. Stage II prostate cancer has not moved outside of the prostate or nor has it affected any other organs, tissues, or nodes. Stage II prostate cancer is further divided into subsections depending upon the amount of tissue that it has affected inside of the prostate gland.

• T2a: The tumor involves anywhere from half to less than half of the lobe of the prostate gland.
• T2b: The tumor involves at least half of the lobe of the prostate; the other section is not affected at all.
• T2c: The tumor involves both lobes of the prostate.

Stage II prostate cancer can also be detected through a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test. Stage II prostate cancer can be treated through several different means. Most patients choose to have treatment performed.

Treatment
Treatment options for Stage II prostate cancer include:
• Watchful Waiting/Conservative Management. No treatment is performed. Prostate cancer tends to grow slowly and, depending upon the age of the patient (usually 70 years or older), the doctor may only want to monitor the situation to see how the cancer progresses before a treatment decision is made, if one is made. It may not be necessary to take any other action at this point.
• Radical Prostatectomy. This is a surgical procedure in which the entire prostate is completely removed in the hope of removing all of the cancerous cells as well. It does require a short hospital stay. This procedure can lead to impotency that can either be permanent or temporary.
• Radiation Therapy. Radiation therapy can be provided in two different forms.
o External Radiation Therapy (XRT)
o Internal Radiation Therapy (Brachytherapy)

In this form of therapy, radiation is applied to target the cancerous cells in hopes of destroying the cancer. XRT is applied by a machine located on the outside of the body and can result in hair loss in the pelvic area that may either be permanent or temporary. In brachytherapy, seeds of radioactive material are inserted into the prostate and then released to target the pinpointed area.

• Hormone Therapy. Hormone therapy slows the growth of the cancerous cells. It is not designed to destroy the cancerous cells. Hormone therapy works best when used in conjunction with other treatment options.

Depending on the patient’s personal situation, the physician will recommend one of these treatment options, a combination of two, or give the patient a choice among the best options. If you have any questions about any of the procedures or side effects that are caused by the treatments, ask your doctor prior to the procedure so that you can make an informed decision or know fully what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. Every patient is different and every patient responds differently to treatments. The same goes for cancer. Each case of cancer can be different, grow differently, in each patient. The ultimate decision on treatement is the patient’s to make.



Source by Jim Brennan



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